![]() 5, the outer two works being in the key of B-flat, a tonality he seems to have favored. While still a schoolmaster, Schubert composed Symphonies No. Schubert's lyrical gift did not extend to large-scale dramatic works his talents showed themselves most effectively in the more precise miniatures. Unfortunately we cannot say the same of his approximately 11 completed works for the stage. ![]() The significance of Schubert's lieder tends to eclipse his equally fine choral writing in his six Masses. Even the uninitiated must respond to the excitement of the Erlkönig, where by means of changing accompaniment figures, sharp dissonance, and effective modulations Schubert differentiates the four characters of the ballad-narrator, father, son, and Erlking-and creates one of the masterpieces of romantic music. None can compare, however, with the remarkable Goethe lieder. Friedrich von Schiller's poems account for 31 settings. ![]() von Herder, the collector and translator of folk songs, and F. Other 18th-century lyric poets whose works Schubert set include J. Eventually Goethe returned the album, but he was unimpressed. All the songs were to texts by Goethe, and some, Gretchen, Wandrers Nachtlied, Heidenröslein, and Erlkönig, are among Schubert's most celebrated songs. In 1816 Spaun sent a volume of Schubert's songs to Goethe for his consideration. Spaun, now a student at the University of Vienna, introduced Schubert to his colleagues at the school, Johann Mayrhofer and Franz von Schober, the latter a dilettante in law, acting, writing, and publishing, who in turn introduced Schubert to the renowned singer Michael Vogl. Early Period, 1814-1820īy the end of 1814 Schubert was an assistant in his father's school and had begun to make the acquaintance of numerous poets, lawyers, singers, and actors, who soon would be the principal performers of his works at private concerts in their homes or in those of their more affluent friends. Before he died, he had set approximately 57 poems by the poet, at times exceeding in his music the high attainment of Goethe in the poetry. Besides Gretchen, Schubert wrote five other Goethe songs that year. Schubert modeled his earliest songs, particularly the ballads, for example, Hage's Klage (1811), after His first Mass, which included solos for a young woman friend, Therese Grob, and his first symphony appeared about this time and showed the influence of Franz Joseph Haydn. In 1814 the genius of Schubert was first manifest in Gretchen am Spinnrade, inspired by his reading of Goethe's Faust. A 20-year-old law student, Joseph Spaun, who founded an orchestra among these students, formed a lifelong friendship with Schubert. In 1808, through a competitive examination, Franz was accepted into the choir of the Imperial Court Chapel as well as the Stadtkonvikt (Royal Seminary), where he received a fine education and his talents were encouraged by the principal. Franz received instruction in the violin from his father, his older brother Ignaz, and Michael Holzer, the organist at the Liechtenthal parish church. 31, 1797, the fourth son of Franz Theodor Schubert, a schoolmaster, and Elizabeth Vietz, in domestic service in Vienna. Consequently he did not achieve considerable public recognition during his lifetime. (The Unfinished Symphony, for example, did not receive its first public performance until 1865, 43 years after it was written!) Furthermore, unlike many of the other romantic composers, such as Carl Maria von Weber, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, and Richard Wagner, Schubert did not engage in a literary career nor was he a conductor or virtuoso performer. Many of his large-scale instrumental pieces were unknown until after the middle of the 19th century. ![]() Despite his more conservative tendencies, however, Schubert's contributions include the introduction of cyclical form in his Wanderer Fantasy for piano, the use of long-line melodies-instead of motto-type themes-in his piano sonatas and chamber music, and the increased emphasis on the role of the piano accompaniments in his lieder. In musical history Schubert stands with others at the beginning of the romantic movement, anticipating the subjective approach to composition of later composers but lacking Beethoven's forcefulness and inventive treatment of instrumental music. As a composer, Schubert possessed an astonishing lyric gift and at times turned out several songs in a day. ![]() The lieder of Franz Schubert assumed great importance during the 19th century as a result of several concomitant cultural and sociological developments in Germany, which included the new profusion of lyric poetry, particularly in the works of Goethe, and the evolution of the piano into a highly complex mechanism. Franz Peter Schubert (1797-1828), an early romantic Austrian composer, is best known for his lieder, German art songs for voice and piano. ![]()
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